Need for a Uniform International Corporate Governance Code
With the globalization of the world economy starting in the 1970s, continuing through the 1980s and accelerating since the 1990s reaching its zenith in the first decade of the new millennium, there has been a concomitant trend of global corporations expanding their international footprint and operating in multiple countries around the world. This meant that […]
Category Management
The mechanism of selling merchandise in small quantities from a fixed location directly to the individuals for their end use is called as retailing. The fixed location can be anything like super market, hyper market, department stores and so on. Merchandise – Merchandise refers to the various products available at the store for sale to […]
E Commerce Trends
If internet has had far reaching impact on all walks of life, E trade has had similar impact on all types of businesses. No Organisation big or small, whether a global organisation or an individual owned enterprise can afford to ignore e commerce and e marketing scene. Normally we see people using internet to make […]
A Comparative Analysis: Product versus Service Retailing; Wholesaling versus Retailing
Difference between Product and Service Retailing Products are tangible in nature, whereas services are intangible in nature. Hence, various aspects such as quality, timeliness, behaviour, and knowledge of the service delivery professional, service customizations as per the requirement of the customer and use of technological support for improving key processes and enhancing the consumer experience, […]
The Morality and Accountability of Corporate Decisions
In our previous discussion we have come across the fact that it is hard to establish the accountability and responsibility of corporate decisions but does this mean that a corporation can take infinite liberties with the flexible law structure and systems ? Is it possible for corporate decisions to be moral with social goals met […]
Brand personality is the way a brand speaks and behaves. It means assigning human personality traits/characteristics to a brand so as to achieve differentiation. These characteristics signify brand behaviour through both individuals representing the brand (i.e. it’s employees) as well as through advertising, packaging, etc.
When brand image or brand identity is expressed in terms of human traits, it is called brand personality. For instance - Allen Solley brand speaks the personality and makes the individual who wears it stand apart from the crowd. Infosys represents uniqueness, value, and intellectualism.
Brand personality is nothing but personification of brand. A brand is expressed either as a personality who embodies these personality traits (For instance - Shahrukh Khan and Airtel, John Abraham and Castrol) or distinct personality traits (For instance - Dove as honest, feminist and optimist; Hewlett Packard brand represents accomplishment, competency and influence).
Brand personality is the result of all the consumer’s experiences with the brand. It is unique and long lasting.
Brand personality must be differentiated from brand image, in sense that, while brand image denote the tangible (physical and functional) benefits and attributes of a brand, brand personality indicates emotional associations of the brand.
If brand image is comprehensive brand according to consumers’ opinion, brand personality is that aspect of comprehensive brand which generates it’s emotional character and associations in consumers’ mind.
Brand personality develops brand equity. It sets the brand attitude. It is a key input into the look and feel of any communication or marketing activity by the brand. It helps in gaining thorough knowledge of customers feelings about the brand. Brand personality differentiates among brands specifically when they are alike in many attributes. For instance - Sony versus Panasonic.
Brand personality is used to make the brand strategy lively, i.e, to implement brand strategy. Brand personality indicates the kind of relationship a customer has with the brand. It is a means by which a customer communicates his own identity.
Brand personality and celebrity should supplement each other. Trustworthy celebrity ensures immediate awareness, acceptability and optimism towards the brand. This will influence consumers’ purchase decision and also create brand loyalty. For instance - Bollywood actress Priyanka Chopra is brand ambassador for J.Hampstead, international line of premium shirts.
Brand personality not only includes the personality features/characteristics, but also the demographic features like age, gender or class and psychographic features. Personality traits are what the brand exists for.
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